Sensitization will be discussed in detail later in the Chapter. They include the memories for skills and habits (e.g., riding a bicycle, driving a car, playing golf or tennis or a piano), a phenomenon called priming, simple forms of associative learning, and finally simple forms of nonassociative learning such as habituation and sensitization. Nondeclarative memory, also called implicit memory, includes the types of memory systems that do not have a conscious component but are nevertheless extremely important. A fact like 'Paris is the capital of France', or an event like a prior vacation to Paris.
It is the memory system that has a conscious component and it includes the memories of facts and events. The declarative memory system is the system of memory that is perhaps the most familiar.
Psychologists and neuroscientists have divided memory systems into two broad categories, declarative and nondeclarative (Figure 7.1). Third, how does memory work? What types of changes occur in the nervous system when a memory is formed and stored, are there particular genes and proteins that are involved in memory, and how can a memory last for a lifetime? Fourth, is the issue of importance to many people, especially as we age: How can memory be maintained and improved, and how can it be fixed when it is broken? A second possibility is that our memories are distributed and stored in different regions of the brain. First, what are the different types of memory? Second, where in the brain is memory located? One possibility is that human memory is similar to the memory chip in a personal computer (PC), which stores all the memory in one location. This Chapter will discuss four issues that are central to learning and memory. Thirty years ago little was known about how memory works, but now we know a great deal. The analysis of the anatomical and physical bases of learning and memory is one of the great successes of modern neuroscience.
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